T\u00fcrkiye’de psikolojinin tarihini 15.yy da Sultan 2. Mehmed d\u00f6neminde kurulan ak\u0131l hastanesine dayand\u0131rabiliriz. Bu hastane de, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar gibi oldu\u011fundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak hastalar\u0131 m\u00fczikle ve sporla tedavi yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ise 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi’ni yenile\u015ftirme plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Almanya’dan davet edilen profes\u00f6rlerin e\u011fitim vermek \u00fczere \u0130stanbul’a gelmeleriyle ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Profes\u00f6r Ansch\u00fctz \u0130.\u00dc’de kurulan Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na getirilmi\u015f ve burada Almanya’da oldu\u011fu \u00fczere psikoloji deneysel bir bilim olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, alan\u0131nda ilk olan, \u00e7ocuk psikolojisi \u00fczerine bir kitap yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve Binet-Simon Zeka Testi t\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda \u0130stanbul i\u015fgal edilince, \u0130.\u00dc’de bulunan yabanc\u0131 profes\u00f6rler de \u00fclkelerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na, Jean Jacques Rousseau Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde e\u011fitimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan \u015eekip Tun\u00e7 getirildi. \u015eekip Tun\u00e7 psikolojinin deneysel alan\u0131ndan \u00e7ok e\u011fitim y\u00f6n\u00fcyle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kitaplar ve makaleler yazm\u0131\u015f, Freud ve James gibi \u00f6nemli isimlerden \u00e7eviriler yapm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazetelere psikoloji \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lar yazarak psikolojinin daha \u00e7ok bilinir olmas\u0131na hizmet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1933’de \u0130.\u00dc. yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya gitmi\u015f, bunda Nazi Almanya’s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelmi\u015f bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde 103 yabanc\u0131 profes\u00f6r T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revlere getirilmi\u015flerdir. Hemen hepsi alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fc olan bu isimler \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi’ne en parlak 15 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Prof. Wilhelm Peters, Deneysel Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmek \u00fczere davet edilmi\u015f ve 1937’de bu k\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Prof. Peters Deneysel Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, Pedagoji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde psikoloji k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve laboratuvar\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Ankara \u00dcniversitesi ve bu \u00fcniversitede bir de psikoloji k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc kuruldu. Felsefe Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn alt\u0131nda psikoloji ve felsefe k\u00fcrs\u00fclerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda Prof. Pratt ve Muzaffer \u015eerif bulunuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130.\u00dc’nden emekli olan Prof. Peters’in yerini asistanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f olan Prof. M\u00fcmtaz Turhan ald\u0131. Prof. Turhan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan misafir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlileri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve asistanlar\u0131n\u0131n da yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flayarak, verilen e\u011fitimin kalitesini artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Deneysel Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc’nden ayr\u0131lan Genel Psikoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda Prof. S. Esat Siyavu\u015fo\u011flu bulunuyordu. Siyavu\u015fo\u011flu’nun Rorshach testinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmesi, \u015ei\u015fli psikoteknik laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131n ve kriminoloji enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131nda katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en iki k\u00fcrs\u00fc 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda Y\u00d6K karar\u0131 ile tekrar birle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Test ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00fcrosu kurulmu\u015f burada yabanc\u0131 dillerdeki testlerin \u00e7eviri ve adaptasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
60’l\u0131 y\u0131llar ve devam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye \u00dcniversitelerinin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f ile 1987 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde psikoloji lisans e\u011fitimi veren \u00fcniversitelerin senede ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 800’e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 70’li y\u0131llar itibar\u0131 ile \u00fclkemizde, di\u011fer alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, psikoloji alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin kitaplar\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de ‘psikolog’ tan\u0131m\u0131 ve e\u011fitimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda genel ve uzmanl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin standartlar 1978’den itibaren tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1980’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen 1. Y\u00f6resel Psikoloji Sempozyumunda, \u00e7ocuk yurtlar\u0131, hastaneler, \u0131slahevleri, kre\u015f ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bak\u0131mevleri gibi kurumlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan psikologlar\u0131n; g\u00f6rev tan\u0131m\u0131, mesleki bilgi ve yeterlik a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan dile getirdikleri sorunlar (G\u00fc\u00e7ray, 1980; Kak\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu, 1980; \u00d6ktem, 1980; Sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1980; \u015eenta\u015f, 1980; Yazgan, 1980) ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, psikologlar\u0131n uzmanl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim standartlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00fcniversitelerde olu\u015fturulacak komitelerce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f (\u015eahin,1980; U\u00e7man, 1980) ve daha \u00f6nce \u00d6zt\u00fcrk’\u00fcn de (1979) de\u011findi\u011fi \u00e7izgide iki y\u0131ll\u0131k bir temel e\u011fitimden sonra uygulamaya y\u00f6nelmek isteyenler i\u00e7in iki y\u0131ll\u0131k bir e\u011fitim, staj ve yaz program\u0131 d\u00fczenleme fikirleri ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kuzgun, 1980; U\u00e7man, 1980). Ancak, o tarihten bug\u00fcne kadar devam edegelen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda psikoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde uygulanan mevcut lisans program\u0131n\u0131n uzmanl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yeterli say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, 1979; Le Compte, 1980; \u00d6ner, 1980; 1982; Sava\u015f\u0131r, 1980; Yazgan, 1980; T\u00fcrk psikologlar Derne\u011fi B\u00fclteni, 1993). Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Psikologlar Derne\u011finin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla 1988’de psikoloji mesle\u011finin tan\u0131m\u0131na yasal nitelik kazand\u0131rma giri\u015fimleri, 1993’de yeniden canlanm\u0131\u015f ve psikolog tan\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) Sa\u011fl\u0131k Komisyonunun g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meslek Yasa teklifinde Sa\u011fl\u0131k Yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenecek olan klinik psikolog g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin yans\u0131ra, di\u011fer psikoloji dallar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fan psikologlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetki tan\u0131mlar\u0131 da ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Psikoloji mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin uzmanl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim standartlar\u0131na dayanan yasa \u00f6nerisi, hem psikolojinin alt dallar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu hem de bu dallar\u0131n, ilgili di\u011fer meslek alanlar\u0131ndan farklar\u0131n\u0131 netle\u015ftirirken, psikoloji alan\u0131n\u0131n kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 sonucu etik standartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 mesleki denetimin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psikoloji mesle\u011fi tan\u0131mlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken baz\u0131 sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan en ba\u015fta gelen bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de ya\u015fanan meslekler aras\u0131 tan\u0131m \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve rekabettir. Psikologlar, psikiyatristler, e\u011fitimciler, psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fma ve rehberlik hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctenler aras\u0131nda genel ve uzmanl\u0131k standartlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin mesleki tan\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 mevcuttur (Baymur, 1980; Kak\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu, 1980; Kuzgun, 1980; \u00d6ktem, 1980; \u00d6ner, 1980; \u00d6zer, 1980; Pamir, 1980; Sava\u015f\u0131r, 1980; U\u00e7man, 1980, Urcan, 1980). An\u0131lan sorunlar, 1978’den itibaren T\u00fcrkiye’deki psikoloji mesle\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihte psikologlar\u0131n, klinik, sosyal va geli\u015fim dallar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ocuk yuvalar\u0131, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131, huzur evleri gibi kurumlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecekleri vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yans\u0131ra Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kurumlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan psikologlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Le Compte, 1978). Ancak bu saptamalar, uzmanl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131nda gerekli e\u011fitim standartlar\u0131na de\u011finilmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, 1979). Bundan sonra yer alan okul, klinik ve end\u00fcstri psikolo\u011fu tan\u0131mlar\u0131nda ise e\u011fitime ili\u015fkin gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n da belirtildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u00d6ner, 1979; Sava\u015f\u0131r, 1979; Toker, 1979).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psikolojide e\u011fitim standartlar\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde ise APA VE EFPPA’NIN standartlar\u0131na uyum sorunlar\u0131 ve 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k lisans diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan psikologlar\u0131n yeterlilikleri konusundaki sorunlar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. APA ve EFPPA’n\u0131n standartlar\u0131na uyum konusunda \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f fakat halen bir de\u011fi\u015fime gidilmemi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k lisans diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan psikologlar\u0131n yeterlilikleriyle ilgili olan sorun ise dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, 1. Y\u00f6resel Psikoloji Sempozyumunda hizmet i\u00e7i e\u011fitimin geli\u015ftirilmesi hedefinin (gen\u00e7tan, 1980; Kuzgun, 1980; \u015eahin, 1980; U\u00e7man, 1980; Yazgan, 1980), yasada yer almas\u0131, bu konuya verilen \u00f6nemi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, farkl\u0131 uygulama dallar\u0131ndaki psikologlar\u0131n kendilerine yak\u0131n mesleklerdeki uygulay\u0131c\u0131larla ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 mesleki ili\u015fkileri ve e\u011fitime ili\u015fkin belirsizliklerden de s\u00f6z edilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin , klinik psikologlar\u0131n e\u011fitiminin psikiyatristler taraf\u0131ndan m\u0131, psikologlar taraf\u0131ndan m\u0131 yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusu yine 80′ li y\u0131llarda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftur. Gen\u00e7tan (1980), klinik psikolo\u011fun terapi yapabilmesi i\u00e7in uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir psikiyatristin denetiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerken, Top\u00e7u (1979), Sava\u015f\u0131r (1980), Top\u00e7u ve Kuzgun (1980) ve \u00d6zer (1982), psikologlar\u0131n e\u011fitiminin ancak psikologlar taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haz\u0131rlayanlar: Hakan Bur\u00e7o\u011flu, Bur\u00e7in \u00d6\u011frenir<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fcrkiye’de psikolojinin tarihini 15.yy da Sultan 2. Mehmed d\u00f6neminde kurulan ak\u0131l hastanesine dayand\u0131rabiliriz. Bu hastane de, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar gibi oldu\u011fundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak hastalar\u0131 m\u00fczikle ve sporla tedavi yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ise 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi’ni yenile\u015ftirme plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Almanya’dan davet edilen profes\u00f6rlerin e\u011fitim vermek \u00fczere \u0130stanbul’a gelmeleriyle ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Profes\u00f6r Ansch\u00fctz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Turkiyede-Psikolojinin-Tarihcesi.jpg",833,437,false],"list":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Turkiyede-Psikolojinin-Tarihcesi-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Turkiyede-Psikolojinin-Tarihcesi-300x157.jpg",300,157,true],"full":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Turkiyede-Psikolojinin-Tarihcesi.jpg",833,437,false]},"yoast_head":"\n