Psikolojinin de\u011fi\u015fik yakla\u015f\u0131m ve dallar\u0131n\u0131n cevap arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dizi temel soru vard\u0131r ve psikolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, bu temel sorulara verdikleri cevaplar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00c7ok farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olsalar da pek \u00e7ok bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 genel ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplayan \u015fey, hepsinin \u015fu ya da bu \u015fekilde bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamaya ili\u015fkin olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7evre mi, kal\u0131t\u0131m m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDavran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 kal\u0131t\u0131msal ne kadar\u0131 \u00e7evre etkisinin sonucudur?\u201d Derin felsefi ve tarihsel k\u00f6kleri olan bu soruya, psikolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin biyolojik yakla\u015f\u0131m davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kal\u0131t\u0131msal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmada kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, davran\u0131\u015fsal yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7evre etkisini ortaya koyar. Bu nedenle biyolojik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen bir geli\u015fim psikolo\u011fu insanlar\u0131n geli\u015fimi ve de\u011fi\u015fimindeki kal\u0131t\u0131msal etkenleri, davran\u0131\u015fsal yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen bir geli\u015fim psikolo\u011fu ise \u00e7evresel etkenleri ara\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilin\u00e7 mi, bilin\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 bilin\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin, ne kadar\u0131 bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin sonucunda olu\u015fur? Bu, psikolojideki en b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan birisidir. Psikodinamik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen bir klinik psikolog anormal davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sebebini bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerde ararken, bili\u015fsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen bir klinik psikolog anormal davran\u0131\u015flara sebep olarak hatal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini g\u00f6sterir. Hangi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fi, anormal davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n te\u015fhisi ve tedavisinde \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klara yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f6zlenebilir davran\u0131\u015flar m\u0131, i\u00e7sel zihinsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Psikoloji yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6zlenebilen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 m\u0131 incelemelidir, yoksa g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de psikolojinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131na girmeli midir? Davran\u0131\u015fsal psikologlar\u0131n bu soruya yan\u0131t\u0131, g\u00f6zlenebilen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insan\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Bili\u015fsel psikologlar ise bir insan\u0131n zihninde olup bitenleri anlamad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir \u00e7evresel etkene tepki veren ki\u015finin bu etkeni alg\u0131lamas\u0131yla ona tepki vermesi aras\u0131nda ne gibi i\u00e7sel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmedik\u00e7e ki\u015fiyi anlam\u0131\u015f olamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 iddia ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade mi, belirlemecilik mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKi\u015filerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 kendi tercihlerinin sonucudur, ne kadar\u0131 kendi tercihlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki etmenlerce belirlenmi\u015ftir?\u201d Felsefecilerin \u00e7ok uzun zamand\u0131r tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu konu psikolojinin de temel sorular\u0131ndan biridir. \u201cBelirlemecilik\u201d ile ifade edilen; rastlant\u0131y\u0131, iradeyi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr se\u00e7imi reddetmek, evrendeki her olay\u0131n kendinden \u00f6nce gelen ko\u015fullarca belirlendi\u011fini, her \u015feyin bir neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmakt\u0131r. \u201cAnormal davran\u0131\u015flar sergileyen birisi ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulabilir? B\u00f6yle bir ki\u015fi tedavi g\u00f6rmeyi reddederse tedavi almas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorlanmal\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d gibi sorulara verilecek yan\u0131tlar \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade-belirlemecilik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bireysel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar m\u0131, evrensel ilkeler mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBir ki\u015finin \u00f6zelliklerinin, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kendisine hast\u0131r, ne kadar\u0131 ba\u015fka insanlarla payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak \u00f6zelliklerdir? Hepimizin birer insan oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 biyolojik soyun birer \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve deneyimlerimizi ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birbirine benzer k\u0131lar? Yani biz insanlar ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birbirimize benziyoruz, ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birbirimizden farkl\u0131y\u0131z?\u201d Biyolojik ve davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 benimseyenler insanlar\u0131 birbirine benzer k\u0131lan evrensel ilkeleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmakla, varolu\u015f\u00e7u yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunanlar ise bireysel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmakla ilgilenirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Psikolojinin de\u011fi\u015fik yakla\u015f\u0131m ve dallar\u0131n\u0131n cevap arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dizi temel soru vard\u0131r ve psikolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, bu temel sorulara verdikleri cevaplar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00c7ok farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olsalar da pek \u00e7ok bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 genel ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplayan \u015fey, hepsinin \u015fu ya da bu \u015fekilde bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamaya ili\u015fkin olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evre mi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Anahtar-sorulari-.jpg",833,437,false],"list":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Anahtar-sorulari--463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Anahtar-sorulari--300x157.jpg",300,157,true],"full":["https:\/\/ipef.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Anahtar-sorulari-.jpg",833,437,false]},"yoast_head":"\n